Wednesday, April 6, 2016

Urban Farming: Doing the Farmwork in the Cities (A Science article)

     Can we do ‘farming’ in cities?

     In an urban municipality, do we notice the polluted air that we breathe? Are we also aware that the death rates caused by diabetes, kidney stones, and other health complications are higher in urban places than in rural areas? And do we know that malnutrition and obesity are very dominant in cities because people, particularly children - if not eating nutritious foods like fruits and vegetables - are eating more meat and processed foods?

     After discerning all these, we come up with a conclusion that these are the problems that have one solution – and that is “Urban Farming.”

     Where are we going to ‘farm’ in a big city like ours? Is Urban Farming costly? Do we have to allot so much of our time to do this?

     In a seminar conducted in our school, Jose P. Laurel Sr. High School, by Quezon City Vice Mayor Joy Belmonte on July 2, 2015, we have learned that doing the farm work, or simply gardening, is feasible in urban areas. According to the speaker, “The Most Outstanding Agriculturist in Romblon”, Mrs. Analyn Martinez, Urban Farming is doable even in limited spaces in our homes and in our schools.

     It won’t cost us a lot of money. In fact, the things that we need to start Urban Farming are already around us. We may not see the value or the purpose of those things at once – but with a creative mind, eventually we will realize that these things have other uses – that could even change our lifestyle in the long run!

These are the things or factors that we need to start Urban Farming:

1. Space

     We have to allot space for gardening. In our homes, we may have small backyards where we can start planting. And in our schools, we may have small gardens and rooftops. But if we want to save space and at the same time, decor our home exterior with plants, we can use our huge window grills, patios or small balconies where we can put some pots. As long as the place is exposed to the sunlight and air, it would be good for urban farming. Vertical gardening is also a good idea to save more space. But we can only plant veggies with shallow roots on vertical gardens.

2. Air and Water

     The three non-mineral nutrients that are very essential to the plant’s growth are found in the air and in the water. These nutrients are hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and carbon (C). In a process called the photosynthesis, plants extract energy from the sunlight and use it to change carbon dioxide (CO2 - carbon and oxygen) and water (H2O- hydrogen and oxygen) into starch and sugar forms, which serve as their food. Sprinkling water on it every morning is good for the plants!

3. Fertile Soil

     We need soil to grow plants. It is a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and organic matter. However, we cannot use pure sand, clay, and small pebbles as an alternative for the soil, because only the soil particles can hold water between them, allowing the plant’s roots to draw water from it. Also, the 13 essential nutrients needed by a plant to grow are found on the soil. These are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn).

4. Pots or containers

     We need pots or containers to hold the plant on the soil in place. It also keeps the space for urban gardening neat and orderly. But we can use plastic bottles and containers as alternatives. 6-liter bottles are good replacements for large pots; 1.5-liter bottles for hanging pots or vertical garden containers; and egg trays for seedlings. We just have to make sure that there are holes on the bottom, or on the side of the plastic containers to enable the exchange of gases in the soil, and for drainage.

5. Seeds or Seedlings

     There are fruits, veggies and herbs that can be planted in our urban gardens. Some of them can be directly planted on soil, but some requires transplantation. Another, they vary in sizes. We can plant seeds or seedlings, depending on the space that we allotted for our urban garden. If we have a huge backyard, we can plant tall-growing trees like the “Malunggay trees” and the “Orange trees.” But if we prefer vertical gardening, we may plant seedlings with shallow roots - such as Lettuce, Mustasa, Pechay, Kangkong and Cabbage. There are seeds that can be planted directly on soil in our urban gardens, like Spinach, Carrots, Cucumbers, Okra, and Ampalaya.

6. Fertilizer

     Actually, we don’t have to buy fertilizers – these may already contain chemicals that may harm the plants and the soil if we put on too much. Let us make “organic fertilizers” as an alternative. A mixture of biodegradable wastes such as rotten foods, leaves, and animal manures will do. It may smell or look nasty, but we can use rubber gloves or a long piece of wood to mix them. By using organic fertilizers instead of chemical ones, we are already conserving our environment.

7. Pesticides

     There are pests that may harm our urban garden. That is why we need to have pesticides to repel or kill them. Instead of using chemical pesticides that may also harm the plants too, use organic pesticides. You just have to chop 15 pieces of “Siling Labuyo,” and a sachet of laundry powdered soap. Then put all these inside a 1.5-liter bottle filled with water. Afterwards, shake  the bottle to mix them.

     Funded by the Vice Mayor’s Office, “The Joy of Urban Farming” project aims to improve nutrition, promote organic and eco-friendly surroundings, and at the same time, reduce poverty. But personally, I see that there are many benefits that we can attain if each family will start Urban Gardening in their homes. This can be our source of livelihood, and our source of nutritious foods everyday. And aside from saving more money, growing plants will also make the air fresh, oxygen-sufficient and safe to inhale.

     It would require us some time and a little of our budget. But isn’t worth it to invest on something that eventually, will benefit us for a lifetime? In fact, the local government is helping us. Our school is one of the beneficiaries of this project. The representatives of the Office of the Vice Mayor gave us seeds, seedlings, and sacks of soil to start Urban Farming in our school rooftop.

     Let us imagine the impact of Urban Farming in resolving malnutrition and poverty in Quezon City: the estimated number of households in 2012 was 706,564. If each family would have a “Fruit and Vegetable Urban Garden” in their homes, 3.2 million people would benefit from it. That would drop the malnutrition and poverty rate in Metro Manila by up to 25-percent. How much more if Urban Farming is implemented to all urban municipalities in the Philippines? For sure, that would make a discernible change to the ecological, nutritional, and economical aspects of the whole country.

      “In gardening, you realize that everything in life is connected to the soil. You get a deeper understanding of life. You get your hands dirty to create something beautiful and useful,” said Raul Norbe, “The Joy of Urban Farming” program agriculturist. Let us keep this thought in our minds – and in our hearts.

Sources/Bases (on facts):
·        http://www.rappler.com
·        http://www.quezoncity.gov.ph
·        http://www.google.com.ph
·        Joy of Urban Farming Facebook Page (l.facebook.com)

*I wrote this article on urban farming a year ago (2015). This was published on "The Laurel", the Official English School Publication of Jose P. Laurel Sr. HS (December 2015 issue).



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